Relation, response and change of near-surface air temperature and rainfall in Thailand

54–year ground observations during 1952–2005 were used to analyze the relation, response and change of over land near-surface air temperature and rainfall in Thailand. Monthly air temperature and precipitation data were analyzed using 29 synoptic stations spatially distributed in the whole kingdom of Thailand. Regional temperature and precipitation trend of change based linear regression and nonparametric, Mann-Kendall test methods were presented. Rainfall and temperature anomalies relative to the average for 1952 – 2005 were compared. It was found that the maximum monthly temperature increasing trend was observed in most areas. Minimum monthly temperature also exhibits both increase and normal tendencies throughout the country. However, the maximum monthly temperature increase rate is greater than that of the minimum one. The result of annual volumetric rainfall tracking showed the positive trend which indicating the increase in annual amount within the northeastern border, central, eastern and the east coast peninsular of the country. Five decades of annual rainfall and temperature anomalies relative to the average for 1952 – 2005 graphically illustrated some opposition, especially in eastern region of the country which is located near to the Gulf of Thailand.